While this inconsistency is part of its charm, it can also be a major headache. Hardware – particularly old hardware – is not very precise at all. Additionally, different pieces of equipment introduce varying amounts of lag. It takes time for audio to be changed into digital for use in the computer, and then back into audio for playback on speakers and headphones. However, once you start bringing outside audio and MIDI into this environment is where things get tricky. For the end-user, we don’t experience any lag at all as the DAW adjusts everything for us. The DAW delays all your tracks by the amount of time it takes to perform this function, ensuring everything stays in time. Limiter lookahead, for example, isn’t accomplished by magically seeing into the future. Some are very small, while others, like limiters, add quite a bit.
Plugins all have differing amounts of latency that they add to a signal. Also called lag, latency is “the time it takes for (a) signal to enter the computer, then travel through the software and back out through your speakers or headphones,” according to Ableton.
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